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Regression to normoalbuminuria 20 mcg min; 30 mg day ; was more frequent in the irbesartan 300 mg group 34% ; than in the placebo group 21% ; . Lrbesartan 300 mg reduced the level of urinary albumin excretion at 24 months by 43% p 0.0001 and dutasteride.
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What does this information tell you? This information shows the percent of patients with heart failure who are given an angiotensin converting enzyme ACE ; inhibitor for left ventricular systolic dysfunction LVSD ; at discharge. Higher percentages are better. Why is this information important? Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, known as ACE inhibitors, are a type of medicine used to treat heart attacks, heart failure, or a decreased function of the left heart chamber left ventricular systolic dysfunction LVSD . Continued use of an ACE inhibitor may help prevent heart failure. Commonly used ACE inhibitors include: captopril Capoten ; , enalapril Vasotec ; , lisinopril Prinivil, Zestril ; , ramipril Altace ; and fosinopril Monopril ; . ACE inhibitors work by stopping the production of a hormone angiotensin II ; that can narrow blood vessels. This helps reduce the pressure in the heart, lowering the patient's blood pressure. What can I do if hospital does not do this? Not everyone can take ACE inhibitors due to allergies or other medical conditions. Some physicians prescribe angiotensin receptor blockers ARB ; because the drug acts on a more specific site to block the hormone. This decreases potential side effects for some patients who may tolerate the ARB better. If you have not been given an ACE inhibitor after being admitted for heart failure, you should ask your doctor or nurse if you should be given an ACE inhibitor or are on an ARB. Commonly used ARBs include: candesartan Atacand ; , irbesartan Avapro ; , losartan Cozaar ; and valsartan Diovan ; . The results shown below in yellow should be interpreted with caution because the hospital had fewer than 25 patients eligible to receive an ACE inhibitor at discharge, which experts agree is the minimum number required to predict future hospital performance. Instead of a percentage, the number of patients who received an ACE inhibitor at discharge and the number of eligible patients appear in parentheses next to the hospital name e.g., 15 of 17.
Irbesartan v Amlodipine + Placebo reduces 3y risk of renal endpoint by 34% p 0.0003 ; Seated SBP 142 mmHg reduces 3y risk of renal endpoint by 40% p 0.0001 ; Seated SBP 142 mmHg + Irbezartan reduces 3y risk of renal endpoint by 61% p 0.0001 and ziagen.
For covered individuals who are authorized to receive a qualified transplant procedure, the claims administrator will provide access to its network of transplant facilities, as well as corresponding discounts. If a transplant facility determines that a patient does not meet all of its acceptance criteria, the claims administrator will make a reasonable effort to locate an appropriate alternate facility. Services and supplies from a transplant facility for qualified procedures include: Evaluation of the patient for the procedure; Hospital and physician fees; Organ acquisition and procurement; Transplant procedures; Follow-up care for a period of up to one year after the transplant; Search for bone marrow stem cell from a donor who is not biologically related to the patient. The plan will pay for, and cover as plan benefits, the services and supplies provided for a medically necessary qualified procedure under this program. The plan administrator has given the claims administrator the discretion and authority to approve for payment those services and supplies provided to covered individuals under this program. If a covered individual chooses not to have care for a qualified transplant procedure under the terms of this program, the plan will pay its usual benefits for covered services and supplies that individual receives. Covered Medical Expenses To be covered by the plan, medical care, treatment, services and supplies must be for the diagnosis or treatment of an "illness" or "injury" except for certain in-network covered preventive wellness care ; . An illness means a non-work related sickness, disease or related condition of the body requiring medical treatment. An illness includes pregnancy, routine Hospital and pediatric care of a newborn before discharge from the Hospital and birth defects and related conditions. An injury means non-work related physical harm to the body requiring medical treatment. In addition, to be covered by the plan, medical care, treatment, services and supplies must be recommended or performed by a Doctor or other licensed provider and be "medically necessary." Medically necessary means essential for the necessary care and treatment of the illness, injury or pregnancy, as determined by the claims administrator. Care is considered medically necessary if it: Is accepted by the health care profession in the United States as appropriate and effective for the condition being treated; Is based on recognized standards of the health care specialty involved; Represents the most appropriate level of care. That is, the frequency of service, the duration of services, and the site of services such as in the Hospital or in the Doctor's office ; are appropriate for the seriousness of the condition being treated; and Is not Experimental, investigative or unproven.
Accessories thereof, other than bumpers and bumper parts, safety seat belts and suspension shock-absorbers; Windmills. Kosher goods of heading 22.04 or 22.05 that originate in Israel or another CIFTA beneficiary. The following Passover products for use during the Passover holiday and so marked, imported during the period beginning two months before the eve of the first day of that holiday and ending on the last day of the holiday: Cake mix, pancake mix and baked goods; Canned fish and fish products other than pickled herring; Canned fruits and vegetables; Chocolates, candy and gum excluding fruit jelly candy and jelly rings, chocolate-covered jellies, chocolate-covered marshmallows, and chocolate-covered orange peels Dried apples; Grapeseed oil; Jam; Jelly powders and puddings; Juices except apple juice ; and juice blends not containing apple juice Matzo and matzo products; Margarine of tariff item No. 1517.10.10, not exceeding 50, 000 kg each Passover holiday; Olives; Potato chips; Salad dressings and ketchup; Soups including borsch ; and gravies; Tomato ketchup, paste, pure and sauce; Vegetable shortening; and Vinegar. Under this Act, the Governor in Council may amend the above list of products. Foodstuffs and other consumable goods, other than alcoholic beverages and tobacco products, imported for exclusive use in carrying out field studies by an expedition conducted or sponsored by a scientific or cultural organization, an institution of learning or a foreign government, the participants in which are non-residents of Canada and the conductees or sponsors of which have undertaken to make available to the Government of Canada all information obtained in Canada as a result of the expedition's field studies. Utility vehicles of heading 87.03 and lorries trucks ; or shuttle cars of heading 87.04, for use underground in mining or in developing mineral deposits; Articles excluding tires and inner tubes ; for use in the foregoing equipment, or for use in loading machinery for loading coal or for loading minerals directly from the working face of a mine, or for use in extracting machinery for extracting minerals directly from the working face of a mine and acarbose.
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Badrinath Konety, MD, MBA, studied medicine at the MS Ramaiah Medical College of Bangalore University, India, where he received his medical degree. Konety was a research fellow with the UCSF Department of Urology at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center prior to completing his residency at the University of Pittsburgh in 1998. He was an American Foundation for Urologic Disease Research Scholar and a Ferdinand Valentine Fellow at the University of Pittsburgh's Department of Urology and Cancer Institute, concurrently studying business and receiving an MBA from the University of Pittsburgh Katz School of Business. Konety completed his medical education as chief clinical fellow at and acenocoumarol.
People with parieto-occipital lobe infarcts with frontal tests surveying the principal FNS apathy, disinhibition, executive dysfunction, emotional intelligence ; . Results: Young stroke patients N 511 ; were analyzed for cerebellar infarcts N 43, 8.4% ; or brainstem infarcts N 36, 7.0% ; . After exclusions, 16 patients cerebellum, N 10, pons, N 6 ; were compared to 16 parieto-occipital infarct patients. Overall 11 16 69% ; patients in the subtentorial stroke group and 5 16 31% ; in the parietooccipital group p 0.05 ; manifested one or more of the principal FNS syndromes. Mean apathy T scores ST 67.1, p 0.05 ; , disinhibition T scores ST 67.2, p 0.0004 ; , executive function T scores ST 71.3, p 0.006 ; and emotional intelligence SS ST 93, p 0.03 ; , were all significantly different but not for WCST error percentage T score ST 45.0, p 0.8 ; . Conclusions: The mismatch of scant neurological deficit and FNS in the majority of subtentorial stroke compared to parietooccipital stroke, gives support to isolated subtentorial stroke being a neurotransmitter perturbation that may be amenable to neuropharmacological management.
Atenolol, bisoprolol, co-tenidone3, metoprolol, propranolol, sotalol `dihydropyridines' amlodipine, felodipine, lacidipine nifedipine. `rate-limiting' diltiazem, verapamil captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, perindopril, ramipril, trandolapril candesartan, irbesartan, losartan, valsartan, telmisartan doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin and acetylsalicylic.
Fig. 7 ; . Chemical structure of the drug candidate OPC-67683 Otsuka Pharmaceuticals ; and a series of substituted 6-nitro-2, 3dihydroimidazo[2, 1-b]oxazoles.
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Geriatric use of 4925 subjects receiving avapro irbesartan ; in controlled clinical studies of hypertension, 911 1 5% ; were 65 years and over, while 150 0% ; were 75 years and over.
Abstract DI FILIPPO, CLARA, ENRICO LAMPA, ELISABETTA TUFARIELLO, PASQUALE PETRONELLA, FULVIO FREDA, ANNALISA CAPUANO, AND MICHELE D'AMICO. Effects of irbesartan on the growth and differentiation of adipocytes in obese Zucker rats. Obes Res. 2005; 13: 1909 Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the selective angiotensin receptor 1 antagonist irbesartan on the growth and differentiation of the adipocytes in obese Zucker fa fa rats. Research Methods and Procedures: Obese Zucker fa fa rats were treated by oral route for 3 weeks with irbesartan at doses of 310-30 mg kg per day. The adipocyte differentiation was evaluated by analyzing tissue samples of white retroperitoneal ; or brown interscapular ; adipose tissue for the presence of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor , leptin, and the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Results: This study showed that the treatment of obese Zucker fa fa with irbesartan effectively reduced the differentiation of adipocytes within brown interscapular ; and white retroperitoneal ; adipose tissue. In fact, irbesartan significantly p 0.01 ; and dose-dependently reduced the tissue levels of leptin, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor , and the activity of the enzyme glycerol-3-phos and alfacalcidol.
ELIJO RECIBIR MEDICAMENTOS DE MARCA Y ME HAR RESPONSABLE DE CUALQUIER COSTO ADICIONAL. Mtodo de pago.
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The following parameters were calculated from the available data: pulse pressure systolic minus diastolic blood pressure ; , responder reduction in dbp ≥ lommhg or dbp at the end of the study the patients were explicitly questioned about adverse events aes ; , and these were documented in detail nature, time, duration, outcome, and causal relationship to the irbesartan therapy.
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J. Nissinen et al. Epilepsy Research 38 2000 ; 177205 hesion molecule in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex. Ann. Neurol. 44 6 ; , 923934. Morrell, F., DeToledo-Morrell, L., 1999. Secondary epileptogenesis and brain tumors. In: Kotagal, P., Juder, H.O. Eds. ; , The Epilepsies: Etiologies and Prevention. Academic Press, London, pp. 357364. Moser, E., Moser, M.B., Andersen, P., 1993. Spatial learning impairment parallels the magnitude of dorsal hippocampal lesions, but is hardly present following ventral lesions. J. Neurosci. 13 9 ; , 39173925. Nedivi, E., Hevroni, D., Naot, D., Israeli, D., Citri, Y., 1993. Numerous canditate plasticity-related genes revealed by differential cDNA cloning. Nature 363 24 ; , 718722. Nissinen, J., Halonen, T., Pitkanen, A., 1997. Spontaneous seizures, afterdischarge threshold and mossy fiber sprouting in amygdala stimulation model of temporal lobe epilepsy TLE ; . Epilepsia 38 Suppl. 8 ; , S29. Nissinen, J., Halonen, T., Pitkanen, A., 1998. Emotional be havior at the time of first spontaneous seizures in a model of chronic TLE induced by amygdala stimulation in rats. Epilepsia 39 Suppl.6 ; , S32. Paxinos, G., Watson, C., 1986. The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. Academic Press, New York. Pikkarainen, M., Ronkko, S., Savander, V., Insausti, R., Pitkanen, A., 1999. Projections from the lateral, basal, accessory basal nuclei of the amygdala formation in rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 403, 229260. Pitkanen, A., Halonen, T., 1998. Prevention of epilepsy. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 19 7 ; , 253255. Pitkanen, A., Tuunanen, J., Halonen, T., 1995. Subiculum, presubiculum and parasubiculum have different sensitivities to seizure-induced neuronal damage in the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 192, 6568. Pitkanen, A., Nissinen, J., Halonen, T., 1997a. Damage to the entorhinal cortex in the amygdala stimulation model of temporal lobe epilepsy in rats. Epilepsia 38 Suppl. 8 ; , S87. Pitkanen, A., Savander, V., LeDoux, J.E., 1997b. Organiza tion of intra-amygdaloid circuitries in the rat: an emerging framework for understanding functions of the amygdala. Trends Neurosci. 20 11 ; , 517523. Pitkanen, A., Tuunanen, J., Kalviainen, R., Partanen, K., Salmenpera, T., 1998. Amygdala damage in experimental and human temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 32, 233 253. Priel, M.R., dos Santos, N.F., Cavalheiro, E.A., 1996. Developmental aspects of the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 26, 115121. Prince, D.A., Jacobs, K., 1998. Inhibitory function in two models of chronic epileptogenesis. Epilepsy Res. 32 1-2 ; , 8392. Quesney, L.F., 1986. Clinical and EEG features of complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin. Epilepsia 27 Suppl.2 ; , S27S45. Quigg, M., Straume, M., Menaker, M., Bertram III, E.H., 1998. Temporal distribution of partial seizures: comparison of an animal model with human partial epilepsy. Ann. Neurol. 43 6 ; , 748755 and avodart.
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The development of specific agents that interfere with the renin-angiotensin system have defined the contribution of this system to blood pressure regulation and to the pathogenesis of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and chronic renal failure. This was first realized in the 1970s with the discovery of saralasin, a peptide antagonist of angiotensin II receptors [30]. However, saralasin lacked oral activity, and at higher doses, exhibited partial angiotensin II agonist profiles. The development of losartan, the first orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonist, derived from 1-benzylimidazole-5-acetic acid pharmacophores, represented a breakthrough in angiotensin II blockade [31]. To date, six orally angiotensin II receptor antagonists are marketed in the United States, including, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan, telmisartan, and eprosartan. All of these agents have identical mechanisms of action but differ in their pharmacokinetic profiles, which account for their differences in efficacy [32].
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Rosanna Chau, Margaret Mak Asymmetry in weight bearing and impaired dynamic balance are thought to contribute to the locomotion deficit in stroke. Some of the common treatment approaches emphasized on the facilitation of weight transfer towards the paretic leg to improve movement quality and function. The rationale for its use was often anecdotal. Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the stance symmetry and its relationship with standing balance and physical mobility in patients with acute hemiplegic stroke. Methods: Thirteen patients with acute stroke onset between day five to fourteen ; , having motor deficit over the right side of body were recruited through convenient sampling, to act as the study group. Thirteen age-, gender-, weight- and height- matched healthy elderly individuals participated as the control group. A Chattanooga Balance System was used to quantify the stance symmetry and balance performance. Functional Independence Measure was employed to measure the transfer and locomotion mobility level. Results: No significant difference was found between healthy subjects and subjects with acute stroke for the stance symmetry p 0.493 to 0.661 ; . There was a smaller medial-lateral maximal voluntary excursion of the center of pressure in the patient group when compared with control group p 0.006 ; . For the Linear Translation Test of the response to anterior-posterior perturbation, there was bigger instability in both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions with significant difference shown in the medial-lateral direction p 0.013 ; . Stance symmetry was not related to physical mobility parameters in transfer and locomotion. Discussion and conclusion: Unlike previous findings, this study could not detect a stance asymmetry in patients with acute stroke, this could be related to the high function of these patients. Most of them could walk with some assistance. However, the voluntary control the center of pressure and the automatic response to perturbation in the patient group were worse than the control subjects, with significant difference revealed in the medial-lateral direction. Possible reasons for the instability could be the more demanding feature of the balance test on muscular strength, pattern synchronization in timing and scaling as well as inter-limbs coordination feature of the balance test compared with static stance test. Training in the restoration of stability in this direction was recommended even in the ambulatory patient without detectable stance asymmetry.
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INTRODUCTION It has been reported[1-3] that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ACEI ; and angiotensin II type 1 AT1 ; receptor antagonist can inhibit resistance blood vessel remodeling, but their action mechanism is still unknown. We selected irbesratan and imidapril to interfere mesenteric artery remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats SHR ; to investigate the expression of c-Jun and TGF-1 mRNA in resistance blood vessel of each group rats with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR ; and to illustrate the mechanism of resistance blood vessel remodeling in hypertension and possible mechanism of these two drugs inhibiting mesenteric artery remodeling and possible effect on the inhibition of mesenteric artery remodeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials Thirty 13-wk old SHR male female, 21 9, provided by Fuwai Hospital in Beijing ; with an average body mass of 22839 g were randomly divided into 3 groups: SHR positive control group, imidapril treatment group 3 mg kgd ; , irbesartxn treatment group 50 mg kgd ; . Ten homogenous Wistar-Kyoto rats [provided by Fuwai Hospital in Beijing, in which female rats were 5, male rats were 5, their average body mass was 20649 g.] were selected as normal control group. During the 14-wk trial, all rats were in the breeding conditions: temperature 18-25 , humidity 40-60%, protein feed concentration 22-25%. Methods Irbesartan presented by Hengrui Pharmacy Factory of Jiangsu Province ; 50 mg kgd[4] and imidapril presented by Tianbian Pharmacy Factory of Tianjin ; 3 mg kgd[5] were dissolved in drinking water for 14 successive wk, respectively. Index observed included tail artery systolic blood pressure, angiotensin II Ang II ; , histology of mesenteric artery. Fourteen weeks after irbesartwn and imidapril interfering, all rats were killed and the second grade embranchment of mesenteric artery about 2 mm ; was taken and put into 25 L of glutaral for fixing, then transmission electron microscope H-600, Hitachi in Japan ; was used. About 1 mm of the artery was put into 100 g L of neutral.
Ingestion Never attempt to induce vomiting. Do not attempt to give any solid or liquid by mouth if the exposed subject is unconscious or semi-conscious. Wash out the mouth with water. If the exposed subject is fully conscious, give plenty of water to drink. Obtain medical attention. Using appropriate personal protective equipment, move exposed subject to fresh air. If breathing is difficult or ceases, ensure and maintain ventilation. Give oxygen as appropriate. The exposed subject should be kept warm and at rest. Obtain medical attention in cases of known or possible over exposure, or with symptoms including chest pain, difficulty breathing, loss of consciousness or other adverse effects, which may be delayed. Using appropriate personal protective equipment, remove contaminated clothing and flush exposed area with large amounts of water. Obtain medical attention if skin reaction occurs, which may be immediate or delayed. Wash immediately with clean and gently flowing water. Continue for at least 15 minutes. Obtain medical attention. Treat according to locally accepted protocols. For additional guidance, refer to the current prescribing information or to the local poison control information centre. Medical treatment in cases of overexposure should be treated as an overdose of a cephalosporin antibiotic. In allergic individuals, exposure to this material may require treatment for initial or delayed allergic symptoms and signs. This may include immediate and or delayed treatment of anaphylactic reactions. Refer to prescribing information for detailed description of medical conditions caused by or aggravated by overexposure to this product. Ocular symptoms may be indicative of allergic reaction. Pulmonary symptoms may indicate allergic reaction or asthma. This material may cause or aggravate allergy to cephalosporin antibiotics. No specific antidotes are recommended.
Irma-2 showed irbesartan significantly reduces the risk of progression of renal disease in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria, a marker for early stage renal disease.
In patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension, irbesartan was as effective as enalapril, atenolol and amlodipine, and more effective than losartan and valsartan but not olmesartan ; , in terms of absolute reduction in blood pressure and response rate.
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists AII receptor antagonists ; are the newest class of medications available for the management of hypertension. Six AII receptor antagonists are currently available in Canada see table ; and others are still in development. This issue of The Review will compare the efficacy, safety, and costs of the AII receptor antagonists and discuss their role in the management of hypertension. Mechanism of AII receptor antagonists AII receptor antagonists block the cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II vasoconstriction, aldosterone-mediated sodium and water retention, cell growth, hypertrophy ; using a different mechanism than ACE inhibitors. While ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II resulting in a reduction in the formation of angiotensin II, AII receptor antagonists directly block the binding of angiotensin II to the angiotensin II type 1 AT1 ; receptor the receptor that mediates the cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II. Comparative efficacy AII receptor antagonists have a similar effect on blood pressure as other antihypertensive drugs e.g. hydrochlorothiazide, atenolol, enalapril, amlodipine ; . In general, systolic blood pressure SBP ; is decreased by 6-12 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure DBP ; is decreased by 4-8 mmHg with any of the AII receptor antagonists. In patients with mild to moderate hypertension DBP 95 & 115 mmHg ; , approximately 60% of patients will respond DBP 90 mmHg or decreased by 10 mmHg ; to monotherapy with an AII receptor antagonist. Additional reductions in blood pressure have been demonstrated by combining an AII receptor antagonist with hydrochlorothiazide, atenolol, or amlodipine. Only a few studies have directly compared the AII receptor antagonists to each other. Valsartan Diovan ; 80-160 mg and losartan Cozaar ; 50-100 mg produced a similar decrease in blood pressure as did candesartan Atacand ; 8 mg and losartan 50 mg. In 2 separate studies, irbesartan Avapro ; 150-300 mg reduced DBP by 2-3 mmHg more than losartan 50100 mg. The clinical significance of this difference is unknown. The AII receptor antagonists have not been studied in large randomized clinical trials, therefore their ability to reduce strokes and other cardiovascular events associated with hypertension are unknown. These studies are underway. The AII receptor antagonists are being investigated for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Preliminary studies suggest that losartan may reduce mortality at least as much as captopril in elderly patients with heart failure. AII receptor antagonists are being studied in the treatment of diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathy as some small studies suggest that protein excretion is reduced in patients with microalbuminuria. Comparative safety The AII receptor antagonists are associated with a low incidence of side effects similar to placebo ; . Dizziness 2-4% ; is the only side effect to consistently occur more frequently than placebo. In comparison to ACE inhibitors, AII receptor antagonists have a low incidence of dry cough 1-3% vs. 10-20% ; . In patients who are switched from an ACE inhibitor to an AII receptor antagonist because of cough, the cough resolves in 80% of patients. ACE inhibitor-induced cough usually resolves from 1-26 days after the ACE inhibitor is discontinued. AII receptor antagonists should be avoided in patients who develop angioedema while taking an ACE inhibitor. In several case reports, patients experiencing angioedema with an ACE inhibitor have developed angioedema hours to weeks or even.
25 A Miracle Happened There: The West and central African smallpox eradication programme and its impact Lecture by Dr Joel G Breman, Senior Scientific Advisor, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, USA ; , Wellcome Collection, 183 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE ucl.ac histmed events smallpox Peter Ritchie Calder and the Public Culture of 20th-century Science Seminar, LSE Contact: Jane Gregory E jane.gregory ucl.ac.
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1. Bailey AG, Hashish AH, Williams TJ. Drug delivery by inhalation of charged particles. J Electrostatics. 1998; 44: 3Y10. Lucas P, Anderson K, Potter UJ, Staniforth JN. Enhancement of small particle size dry powder aerosol formulations using an ultra low density additive. Pharm Res. 1999; 16: 1643Y1647. Zeng XM, Martin GP, Marriot C. Particulate Interactions in Dry Powder Formulations for Inhalations. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis; 2001. 4. Staniforth JN, Rees JE. Electrostatic charge interactions in ordered powder mixes. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1982; 34: 69Y76. Carter PA, Rowley G, Fletcher EJ, Hill EA. An experimental investigation of triboelectrification in cohesive and non-cohesive pharmaceutical powders. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 1992; 18: 1505Y1526. Rogers B. Difficulties associated with compounding metered-dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers [Powerpoint presentation]. U.S. FDA, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drug Chemistry, Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee. Available at: : fda.gov ohrms dockets ac 00 slides 3634s1 07 rogers t. Accessed: July 19, 2003. 7. Wade EA, Weller PJ, eds. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association; 1994.
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